Europe research papers

History reveals that, rather than a common or collective geographic and political entity, Europe was before the period of 1945 one of the most poorly defined, divergent and disorganized continents of the world. The following research offers a brief examination of the geographical perceptions that contributed to a misleading notion of Europe as a simply-defined geographical unit followed by a comprehensive examination of the more accurately diverse and fragmented community and history of Europe.

One of the reasons submitted for why a largely illusionary notion of Europe persisted before 1945 is that European history had, to that point, been viewed in the context of all European nations as a whole and as a community that was clearly distinct from any other in the world. This perception extended to the geographic delineation of Europe, an assertion that is supported by the fact that the predominant geographic expression of Europe has been largely confined to its unique existence or location between the Asian and African continents. Even more, this assertion is supported by the relatively common perception that the landmass of Europe itself essentially marked, if not the center of the world, at least “the center of some other conceptualization of the global environment”.

In the decades leading up to the period of 1945, Europe presented itself as a body of nations and nation-states intent on accomplishing more than a few geographical and political goals. Nevertheless, rather than underscoring the distinctions that existed between countries within the European world, this common intent worked to create the perception of European solidarity, unity and community among foreign spectators. Interestingly, the research suggests that seriousness of the various and ultimately divisive political goals of at least a few rogue European countries were fairly shrouded by the misconception of Europe as merely an advancing and/or forward moving region of the world. Europe research papers have been written by history experts. Paper Masters can produce a custom written project following your guidelines.

Turbulent Europe

Throughout Europe, the 17th and 18th centuries were a turbulent time. Among the many wars that were fought in this age, the War of Spanish Succession and the Seven Year’s War were particularly important.

During the reign of “The Sun King”, Louis XIV, of France, the Kingdom of Spain fought to break away from the hegemonic rule of the Hapsburgs. Following the death of the last Hapsburg king of Spain, the new king, Phillip V slowly began to break away from French domination. Though he was a grandson of France’s King Louis XIV, Phillip V wanted a sovereign Spain, while Louis XIV desired a Spain that would serve France.

The Roman Empire saw the succession of Spain and the expansions of France as a threat. Therefore, Britain, the Danish kingdoms and the HRE joined into an alliance to stem this tide. Britain’s General, John Churchill, brought the greatest victories against France as he out maneuvered Louis XIV, by securing the Netherlands, and the British foothold in Northern Europe.

A few decades later, the next great war, The Seven Years’ War, engulfed Europe again. The pressing of French interests in the North American regions was seen as a threat to other European nations. Prussia and Great Britain allied against France and fought for (actually) nine years. The resulting outcome saw a weakened France on the American continent, and in Europe, and a more powerful Prussia Europe, and a dominant Great Britain in North America.

Since the end of World War II, political leaders in Europe have worked to create a cohesive sustainable union, capable of economic and political harmony. These efforts have culminated in the creation of the European Union (EU) and subsequent economic integration through the introduction of the Euro. The degree of political and economic stability that has been generated in the member countries of the European Union has created an international superpower that is capable of overtaking the United States and Asia in terms of wealth.

While it is clear that Europe has achieved a significant amount of economic and political cohesion, it is also clear that the over arching character of the various governments that comprise the EU are too independent and autonomous to capitulate and create one unified state under a supranational government of Europe. In short, the United States of Europe will fail to materialize as each of the member governments will be unable to agree on a supranational government for political integration. With this argument in mind, this investigation seeks to show how the current path of the EU will prohibit political integration into one cohesive state.

Flag	English Short and Formal Names	Capital
	Albania Republic of Albania	Tirana Albanian: Tiranë
	Andorra Principality of Andorra	Andorra la Vella Catalan: Andora la Vella
	Armenia Republic of Armenia	Yerevan Armenian: (Yerevan)
	Austria* Republic of Austria	Vienna German: Wien
	Azerbaijan Republic of Azerbaijan	Baku Azerbaijani: Bakı
	Belarus Republic of Belarus	Minsk Belarusian: Мінск (Minsk)
	Belgium* Kingdom of Belgium	Brussels German: Brüssel French: Bruxelles Dutch: Brussel
	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Sarajevo Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian Latin: Sarajevo Bosnian, Serbian Cyrillic: Сарајево
	Bulgaria* Republic of Bulgaria	Sofia Bulgarian: София (Sofia)
	Croatia* Republic of Croatia	Zagreb Croatian: Zagreb
	Cyprus* Republic of Cyprus	Nicosia Greek: Λευκωσία (Lefkosia) Turkish: Lefkoşa
	Czech Republic*	Prague Czech: Praha
	Denmark* Kingdom of Denmark	Copenhagen Danish: København
	Estonia* Republic of Estonia	Tallinn Estonian: Tallinn
	Finland* Republic of Finland	Helsinki Finnish: Helsinki Swedish: Helsingfors
	France* French Republic	Paris French: Paris
	Georgia	Tbilisi / T'bilisi Georgian: თბილისი (T'bilisi)
	Germany* Federal Republic of Germany	Berlin German: Berlin
	Greece* Hellenic Republic	Athens Greek: Αθήνα (Athína)
	Hungary*	Budapest Hungarian: Budapest
	Iceland Republic of Iceland	Reykjavík Icelandic: Reykjavík
	Ireland	Dublin English: Dublin Irish: Baile Átha Cliath
	Italy* Italian Republic	Rome Italian: Roma
	Kazakhstan Republic of Kazakhstan	Astana Kazakh: Астана Russian: Астана (Astana)
	Latvia* Republic of Latvia	Riga Latvian: Rīga
	Liechtenstein Principality of Liechtenstein	Vaduz German: Vaduz
	Lithuania* Republic of Lithuania	Vilnius Lithuanian: Vilnius
	Luxembourg* Grand Duchy of Luxembourg	Luxembourg German: Luxemburg French: Luxembourg Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerg
	Macedonia Republic of Macedonia	Skopje Macedonian: Скопје (Skopje)
	Malta* Republic of Malta	Valletta English: Valletta Maltese: Valletta
	Moldova Republic of Moldova	Chișinău Romanian: Chișinău
	Monaco Principality of Monaco	Monaco French: Monaco
	Montenegro	Podgorica Montenegrin: Подгорица (Podgorica)
	Netherlands* Kingdom of the Netherlands	Amsterdam (capital) The Hague (seat of government) Dutch: Amsterdam Dutch: 's-Gravenhage / Den Haag
	Norway Kingdom of Norway	Oslo Bokmål: Oslo
	Poland* Republic of Poland	Warsaw Polish: Warszawa
	Portugal* Portuguese Republic	Lisbon Portuguese: Lisboa
	Romania*	Bucharest Romanian: București
	Russia Russian Federation	Moscow Russian: Москва (Moskva)
	San Marino Republic of San Marino	San Marino Italian: San Marino
	Serbia Republic of Serbia	Belgrade Serbian: Београд, Beograd
	Slovakia* Slovak Republic	Bratislava Slovak: Bratislava
	Slovenia* Republic of Slovenia	Ljubljana Slovene: Ljubljana
	Spain* Kingdom of Spain	Madrid Spanish: Madrid
	Sweden* Kingdom of Sweden	Stockholm Swedish: Stockholm
	Switzerland Swiss Confederation	Bern / Berne German: Bern French: Berne Italian: Berna
	Turkey Republic of Turkey	Ankara Turkish: Ankara
	Ukraine	Kiev Ukrainian: Київ (Kyiv)
	United Kingdom* United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	London English: London
	Vatican City Vatican City State Holy See	Vatican City Italian: Città del Vaticano

*Chart Courtesy of Wikipedia

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